Timesaver Customs Lifestyle in the Uk Ireland Free Essays

What is Britain? Ribs and Scotland Wales Info-stop †¢ This is the Welsh banner †The Red Dragon of Wales. †¢ The Welsh language is one of the most seasoned in Europe. 20% of the population* speaks Welsh. We will compose a custom article test on Efficient device Customs Lifestyle in the Uk Ireland or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now †¢ Do you like vegetables? The Welsh national image is a leek. †¢ Are you acceptable at spelling? A town in Wales has the longest name in Britain! Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllanttysiliogogogoch †¢ There are heaps of manors in Wales. They were worked in the Middle Ages*, when the Welsh battled the English. †¢ Wales is called Cymru in Welsh. Don’t call Welsh individuals English. They aren’t. They’re Welsh! †¢ Every year there are music and workmanship celebrations called Eisteddfods. They started around 1,000 years back. Find out about Wales. Discover the spots on the guide and compose the letters. a 1 Feeling sporty*? Why not go to a rugby coordinate? There are 47 clubs in Cardiff! b 2 c Take a vessel from Cardigan Bay and see a large number of seals and dolphins. f 3 Go surfing! Whitesands Bay is a hit* with surfers. What's more, it’s additionally got incredible swimming and plunging. d 4 Baa! Ridges is the most significant sheep cultivating territory in Europe. It’s got 11 million sheep!WALES 5 e Ancient! In Anglesey you can see remains* of Celtic* towns. Celts moved into Wales around 4000 BC. 6 The most noteworthy mountain in Wales is Snowdon. It’s incredible for strolling and climbing. 8 TIMESAVER CUSTOMS LIFESTYLE IN THE UK IRELAND  © MARY GLASGOW MAGAZINES, AN IMPRINT OF SCHOLASTIC INC. Life hack CUSTOMS LIFESTYLE IN THE UK IRELAND What is Britain? Scotland Jo is on vacation in Scotland. Complete her messages with the missing action words in the past tense. At that point coordinate them to the photos. purchase be go be go for see stroll * What is it in your language? Discover out!John O’Groats †¢ 1 helen@email. com Hello from Scotland We †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. in Glasgow yesterday. I thought it was the capital of Scotland. Wrong! Be that as it may, Glasgow is the style capital of Scotland. We †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. shopping early today. A few shops sell Scottish things like Tartan. That’s a conventional fabric. My sibling said he needed to purchase a kilt (a skirt for men). Be that as it may, he was just kidding! He †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a plaid cap. 2 helen@email. com Hello from Scotland †¢ Loch Ness Aberdeen †¢ Hi! We’re in the North of Scotland now.We’re at the Highland games. They do some insane games. One of them is called ‘tossing the caber’ where men toss a substantial wooden pole*! At the end of the week we went to Ben Nevis, Britain’s most elevated mountain. We .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. to the top. It was truly tiring*. †¢ Glasgow Edinburgh SCOTLAND 3 helen@email. com Hello from Scotland b a c I’m sending this from Loch Ness †the lake with the celebrated beast. We went out on a vessel at the beginning of today however we didn’t †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . the beast! What's more, two days back we †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. ferry* to the Orkney Islands (Scotland has 800 islands! ), and we saw a huge number of flying creatures. They were so boisterous! 4 helen@email. com Hello from Scotland d We’re making some extraordinary memories in Edinburgh. That’s right, the capital of Scotland! It’s truly swarmed in light of the fact that there’s a worldwide expressions celebration †there are many shows! We went to one final night †it †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. fantastic. What's more, we scaled to the Castle, as well. I saw someone playing conventional music on bagpipes. Life hack CUSTOMS LIFESTYLE IN THE UK IRELAND  © MARY GLASGOW MAGAZINES, AN IMPRINT OF SCHOLASTIC INC. 9 Instructions to refer to Timesaver Customs Lifestyle in the Uk Ireland, Papers

Warhol By Ratcliff Essays - Andy Warhol, American Film Directors

Warhol By Ratcliff The life and work of Andy Warhol has propelled numerous essayists to recount the craftsmen privileged insights in distributed compositions. Be that as it may, Carter Ratcliff achieves this accomplishment in a one of a kind design, profiling Warhols work in Andy Warhol. An unquestionable requirement read for anyone intrigued by the inceptions of American Pop craftsmanship, Ratcliffs book addresses all parts of Warhols work. Portioned sequentially, Ratcliff clarifies the impact and centrality of select canvases, just as areas committed to Warhols outlines, photos, motion pictures and notes on the strategies utilized by the craftsman. This arrangement, joined with the consideration of almost 100 prints of works of art, is compelling on the grounds that a characteristic subject moves through the sequential requesting of the monograph. A portion of the impacts are clear in Warhols work. In any case, the total impact of the craftsmen endeavors is all the more effortlessly comprehended through the sequential requesting of the pieces. The sequential requesting enables the peruser to comprehend what social or individual convictions or clashes the craftsman was managing relating to the given timespan. For instance, Warhol delivered numerous pieces with particular topic showed on various occasions as in his Campbells soup jars, Coca-Cola containers and dollar signs, perhaps simply ameliorating images to Warhol ju st as the American Pop Culture. Additionally, Ratcliff drives the peruser on an excursion through the subtleties, impacts and results of the work. The creator additionally depicts likenesses in select Warhol pieces. The improvement of Warhol as a craftsman is effectively comprehended utilizing this configuration, as his work changes from the fun loving character of Saturdays Popeye (Figure 1) to the authenticity of Skull or the political intensity of the Hammer and Sickle arrangement. Andy Warhol investigates the quest for the craftsman, putting together perceptions with respect to a plenty of sources. The data refered to in each area is a cumulation of Ratcliffs examination, interviews with Warhol and references to the works of different pundits. Basing his review to a great extent in the thoughts of others, Ratcliff finds minimal unique data. Alluding to such tenable contacts as Robert Rosenblumes portrayal of Julia Warhola [1], saying that Warhols picture of his mom gets through the specialists aestheticism to persuading feeling (Figure 2). Craftsmanship pundit Thomas Lawsons idea that Pop workmanship has an inseparable tie to nothing [2], or Warhols own magazine article, Crazy Golden Slippers [3], are instances of the sort of strong sources that the writer uses in his work. Most of Ratcliffs thoughts start somewhere else, anyway Ratcliff decided to utilize these numerous sources to help his own speculations, drawing from set up and acknowledged ideas to mainta in his announcements. The prize of Andy Warhol lies in the incorporation of the writers paper about the craftsman. Along with the impact of the numerous enormous prints, which contain a dominant part of the body of the book, the paper empowers the peruser to find out about the craftsman and think about what may have been his expectation for select works. To completely comprehend a show-stopper it is useful to have some foundation data about the work and the craftsman. The creator makes a phenomenal showing of introducing this sort data about the craftsman and his work. Warhol was fixated on the possibility of fame, questionable works relating to mainstream society and the utilization of pictures from consistently life or images of such. Ratcliff, when contrasted with different authors who explored Warhol, has an edge on the opposition. Ratcliff portrays the work itself, yet additionally recounts the idea driving the craftsmanship. Cantz The Last Supper is, best case scenario a celebrated picture show of t he craftsmen work. The craftsman centers around one arrangement of canvases somewhat then on the whole portfolio.[4] Unseen Warhol is an inside and out life story of Andy Warhol, very little consideration is allowed to the genuine bits of art.[5] Ratcliffs Andy Warhol fills the hole left by different journalists. Ratcliff conveys a total investigation of Warhols work by clarifying the ideas and thoughts encompassing the work in an escalated way. Ratcliffs contemplations on a considerable lot of the pieces help to characterize the genuine importance or thoughts of the work in a down to earth design. For instance, the utilization of helium filled mylar, canvassed with foil in Silver Pillows (Figure 3)

12 Books to Celebrate the 30th Anniversary of The Oprah Winfrey Show

12 Books to Celebrate the 30th Anniversary of The Oprah Winfrey Show I have a bigtime love for Oprah. Her unparalleled daytime talk show was on my family TV from before I was born to the year after I graduated from college. I grew up reciting never go to a second location and live your best life and when you know better you do better. Oprah Winfrey is frequently (and correctly) referred to as the queen of daytime television, but she did a lot for the bookish world as well. Her book club alone popularized classic literature and catapulted many contemporary authors on to the best sellers list. I recently devoured the new NPR podcast Making Oprah, which celebrates what would have been the 30th season of The Oprah Winfrey Show. Here are some books that will keep the celebration of this important Oprah anniversary going. Get ready for lots of lightbulb moments! Food, Health, and Happiness: 115 On-Point Recipes for Great Meals and a Better Life by Oprah Winfrey Oprah’s relationship with food is notorious. I mean, the woman once wheeled out a wagon full of all the representational fat she’d lost. In this new book, she pairs recipes with personal essays and memories from her life. I definitely want a peak at the promised photos of Oprah’s kitchen. What I Know For Sure by Oprah Winfrey Whenever I read Oprah’s magazine, which my mom still subscribes to, I flip to the back for Oprah’s “What I Know For Sure” column. Here her life lessons are collected and updated in one book. Amazing! I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings  by Maya Angelou Oprah called Maya Angelou her “mentor-mother-sister-friend.” She featured The Heart of a Woman in her 1997 book club, but I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings marks the first of Angelou’s seven autobiographies. Both are beautiful and excellent books. The Color Purple by Alice Walker Oprah finished The Color Purple in one day and soon was telling everyone how she was obsessed with her new favorite book. She called the story her own story. She starred in the 1985 movie adaptation, playing Sofia,  and was nominated for an Academy Award for her first ever film role. The Deep End of the Ocean by Jacqueline Mitchard This novel tells the story of a suburban family dealing with the disappearance of the youngest son. It was the first pick for Oprah’s famous book club in 1996 and, subsequently, a national best seller. The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Toni Morrison’s novels appeared on Oprah’s book club several times. The Bluest Eye examines questions about race, gender, and conformity in the story of Pecola Breedlove, a young black girl who is teased for her appearance and prays every day to be beautiful. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen Aside from the James Frey controversy, Oprah’s most controversial book club pick might have been Jonathan Franzen. When Oprah chose Franzen’s The Corrections for her book club in 2001, Franzen offended the host and her viewers when he scoffed at the honor saying that his novel was “a hard book for that audience” and that he wanted to attract more male readers instead. Still, in 2010 Oprah chose Freedom for her book club calling the novel “a masterpiece.” Wild by Cheryl Strayed The memoir Wild is the first pick of Oprah’s Book Club 2.0, the reincarnation of the book club post Oprah’s last season. In case you’ve been living under a rock or haven’t watched the Netflix Gilmore Girls reboot, Wild portrays the eleven-hundred mile solo hike that Cheryl Strayed undertook at age twenty-two following the death of her mother. Life Strategies: Doing What Works, Doing What Matters by Phillip C. McGraw I don’t know exactly how I feel about him, but no list of Oprah inspirations would be complete without a little Dr. Phil on it. In his first book, you will find such gems as, “you have to name it before you can claim it.” Because wisdom that rhymes is much easier to remember. In the Meantime: Finding Yourself and the Love You Want   by Iyanla Vanzant Iyanla is another Oprah Winfrey protégé who many peopled learned about through the show. She’s written many books, but this one is one of her most popular and a number one bestseller. The Underground Railroad  by Colson Whitehead This National Book  Award winner was Oprahs pick for the book club this year. In this acclaimed novel, the author reimagines the Underground Railroad as an actual railroad complete with conductors, train tracks, and engineers. A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L’Engle There are few things that excite me as much as the news that Oprah will be playing Mrs. Which in the upcoming Ava Duvernay film adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time. I cannot wait to see this amazing performance!

Learn Your Options If Youre Kicked out of College

Being kicked out of college happens more often than many people think. Students are dismissed for many reasons, including cheating, plagiarism, poor grades, addictions, and inappropriate behavior. What should you do if you find yourself holding a dismissal letter? Know the Reason(s) for Your Dismissal Chances are your letter of dismissal was sent after a long series of negative interactions with professors,  staff, or other students,  so you probably have a pretty good idea of what went wrong. However, its still important to be sure your assumptions are correct. Were you kicked out of college because you failed your classes? Because of your behavior? Be clear about the reasons for your dismissal so youll know what your options are in the future. Its easier to ask questions and make sure you understand the reasons now than it will be one, two, or even five years in the future. Know What, If Any, Conditions There Are for Your Return First and foremost, confirm if youll be allowed back at the institution. And if you will be permitted to return, be clear about what youll need to do to be eligible to enroll again. Sometimes colleges need letters or reports from doctors or therapists to avoid the possibility of the same issues arising for the second time. Figure out What Went Wrong Did you not go to class? Act in a way that you regret now? Spend too much time on the party scene? Beyond awareness of the actions that resulted in your dismissal, its important to know what caused those actions and why you made the choices you did. Really understanding what led up to and resulted in being kicked out is perhaps the most important step you can take toward learning from the experience. Make Productive Use of Your Time Afterward Being kicked out of college is a serious black mark on your record. How can you turn a negative into a positive? Start by learning from your mistakes and bettering yourself and your situation. Get a job to show youre responsible; take a class at another school to show you can handle the workload; get counseling to show you no longer will make unhealthy choices with drugs and alcohol. Doing something productive with your time will help indicate to prospective employers or colleges that being kicked out of college was an unusual speed bump in your life, not your normal pattern. Move On Being kicked out of college can be hard on your pride, but know that people make mistakes of all kinds  and that the strongest people learn from them. Acknowledge what you did wrong, pick yourself up, and move on. Being extra harsh on yourself can sometimes keep you stuck in the mistake. Focus on whats next in your life and what you can do to get there.

Disney Products and Child Labor - 734 Words

One of the happiest places on earth is slaved by child labor. Walt Disney, the self-made American tradition that supposed to represent imagition and bring joy, happiness and universal means of communication. Walt Disney is one of the biggest companies that have child labor going on. These less fortunate children are slaving making toy, books, clothes and etc. for children who are having one of the happiest times of their lives. There are human rights violations being committed. These children are threatening physically, mentally and emotionally. Children are being sold by their parents to work off near impossible debts. These children are defenseless against bullying, beating and sexually abuse. Physical harm including stunted growth, permanent injuries, illness, traumatization, rape, and death. Since these children that slave child labor don’t know any better they are easily controlled and threaten into obedience. These children are to grow up to be unskilled, uneducated adults and so is the next generation because this ruthless cycle is going to continue. All these children that are slaving to make these different items share the same basic needs for safety, food, sleep, hygiene, and medical care. When being punished they are giving fines that include forgetting to turn the lights off and showing up to work late. These fines can cost up to two months of pay which devastates many because they are already poor people. Sometimes employers give consta nt fines so the womanShow MoreRelatedDisney s Ethical Conduct Comprises The Statement1215 Words   |  5 Pages(The Walt Disney Company). They also say that they strive to follow the law in all means necessary and that their goals include the following: â€Å"disclose relevant citizenship information in a timely manner; integrate citizenship into the day to day decision making of leadership; engage with our stakeholders on a regular basis; integrate citizenship into the responsibilities of every Disney employee; and respect human rights within our operations,† (China Labor Watch). Instead of Disney actually runningRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Corporate Responsibility1165 Words   |  5 Pagesworkplace. Higher morale leads to greater productivity and sales potential. Keywords: Social responsibility, Social irresponsibility, Walt Disney, Nestle, The Walt Disney Company is well known globally and is worth over $150 billion (Caplinger, 2016). In 2011 Jane  Goodall  Global Leadership Awards were presented and, the Walt Disney Company was the winner for Corporate Social Responsibility. This award recognizes corporations and businesses that strive to improve the worldRead MoreEssay on Against Sweatshops1143 Words   |  5 PagesSome companies have acceded to public pressure to reduce or end their use of sweatshops. Such firms often publicize the fact that their products are not made with Anti-globalization activists and environmentalists also deplore transfer of heavy industrial manufacturing (such as chemical production) to the developing world. Although chemical factories have little in common with sweatshops in the original sense, detractors describe them as such and claim that there are negative environmental and healthRead MoreThe Exploitation of Low-Income Countries by High-Income Countries1392 Words   |  6 Page sproposes many appealing arguments this paper will focuses on the dependency theory and its arguments â€Å"towards relieving the suffering of hungry people† (Macionis et al., 2005, pg 222). This paper will look at multinational corporations like GAP  ® and Disney World  ®, which are huge business industries operating in low-income countries. The cause for the underdevelopment of low-income countries is not due to cultural or technological reasons, but rather to the exploitation of low-income nations by multinationalRead MoreWalt Disney s Corporate Strategy1610 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing; - creating high-quality family content by incorporating a diverse range of businesses to its structure - to be a brand for every member of the family, not only children – such as Disney theme parks and resorts, its media network includes ESPN and ABC, Disney Cruise Line, studio productions, consumer products and interactive media channels. - make entertainment experiences more memorable by staying on the cutting edge of technological innovations and continuously adding new values to its organizationsRead MoreThe United States Electoral College1009 Words   |  5 PagesFolk religion, 21.9%, Buddhist, 18.2%, Christian, 5.1%, Muslim, 1.8%, Jewish and Hindu are both less than 0.1% (CIA World Factbook, 2015). Demographically, there are more males than females. Recently, the Chinese government lifted their ban of one child maximum per family (Burkitt, 2015). China’s government In 2013, XI Jinping was elected as President by the National People’s Congress. The National People’s Congress takes the role of the United States’ Electoral College. China has one primary politicalRead MoreThe Value Of A Life1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough American factories. This process, though, is not always a fair one. Haiti and China are both countries with bad labor regulations, usually by American influence, and this hurts the welfare of these countries as a whole, the individuals in these countries, and the morality of America. Dupuy (2014) writes that Haiti’s people, trapped working in factories for cheap labor, are faced with a hard life and various brutalities. Both adults and children must live these lives of horrible situationsRead Morecsr of walt disney1098 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment CSR OF WALT DISNEY COMPANY â€Å" CSR is not a cosmetic, it must be rooted in our values, it must make a difference to the way we do our business† WALT DISNEY CO. The Walt Disney Company is one of the largest and most well-known corporations practicing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) all the way down the line in their business model. As the largest media and entertainment conglomerate in the world, and aside from its constant  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Imagineering†, Disney has a tremendous responsibilityRead MoreBehind The Deception Created By Apple s Claim Essay2017 Words   |  9 PagesBehind the deception created by Apple’s claim, â€Å"We focus on making the world’s best products and enriching people’s lives,† their employees lack the basic rights their consumers, unlike them, receive. The Chinese government, the host of the largest labor force globally, is distinguished for their unwillingness to protect the civil liberties of their people. Corporations flock to China, most notably Apple and Walt Disney, in order to abuse the loose enforcement of their laws, cutting costs by infringingRead MoreEssay on Disney’s Capitalization on American Roots1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe Disney Corporation has in many ways infiltrated American culture. What was once a small business has grown into the world’s largest media and entertainment syndicate in relation to their revenue, which in 2010 was $38,063 million (Disney 2010 fourth quarter). Not only do they produce movies but they also own their own resorts, cruises, theme parks, massive amounts of marketing products, and even their own town. Through careful examination of the semiotic implications in many of Disney’s marketing

Irish American Segregation Free Essays

In the 1960’s and 1970’s there was a lot of different types of segregation throughout the world, particularly in the United States. The more people immigrated here the worse the segregation became. One particular group that I was interested in learning about was my ancestors the Irish-Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Irish American Segregation or any similar topic only for you Order Now They faced a lot of segregation just for the fact that they were Irish and they were not born in the United States. But it was not just the fact that they were not born here because even the Irish-Americans who were born here were discriminated against just because of where their parents or grandparents came from. The Irish after the civil rights movement with Dr. Martin Luther King held the same type of movement to be able to gain their rights. But it was all ended with a massacre in Northern Ireland that killed 14 civilians who were participating in a peaceful march to gain their civil freedoms. Many of the Irish who had immigrated to American for freedom were held at the same standards as they were in their own country and that was as low class citizens. They were discriminated against as bad as the African Americans even though there were laws that were supposed to protect them from this type of treatment. Many Irish-Americans who were being treated unfairly held protests and hunger strikes but not until things got to the extremes was the problem resolved and even then it was only a temporary solution. Many times the segregation was used in housing, jobs and a very large portion in education. The children in schools were treated differently just because they were not from America. The start of the immigration of The Irish to the American was for a new chance and then years later it was due to the failure of the potato crop in Ireland. Many of the Irish–Americans lived in devastating amounts of poverty and tried to find any work they could but with many people not trusting the Irish-Americans they refused to hire them. The Irish were not only an ethnic group but they were a Religious Minority Group at least until the end of the civil war. After the civil war because of their great numbers in the north they were able to turn the tides and were no longer a minority. They took control of government among other things. They went from being one of the most discriminated against free Americans to having an Irish-American being resident. â€Å"Thomas Beer identifies reasons why many were prejudiced against the Irish. The American Protective Association feared that the Irish were making America a Papal state: priests were allowed to ride trains free in California and Irish aldermen had attempted to fund parochial schools with funds from the city treasury. † This is just a small example in ways that the Irish-Americans were treated differently in America. Once they started earning their rights back they abused that power to get the things that they wanted. All the Irish-Americans in society were then discriminated and segregated from society once again. Because many Irish-Americans were abusing their rights and setting trends that made a stereotype for the other Irish-Americans, all Irish-Americans were treated that way. They were then back to being told â€Å"No Irish Need Apply† when they went looking for work and the only place that did not have that sign posted was the United States Army recruiting offices. They did not care if you were from here just as long as you were a citizen you could find work in the army. How to cite Irish American Segregation, Essay examples

Second Language English Learner

Question: Discuss about the Report for Second Language English Learner. Answer: The short course mentions concepts such as listening, reading, speaking and writing. English as a second language would be an exciting encounter which would influence the way I establish deep connections and make cross-cultural friendship. Speaking English would mean that I can be able to communicate with people from different cultures who understand the language. It will influence the way I speak with people out of my own culture and life would be more fun as a multilingual. Knowing to speak and write in English would influence my range of work in the future. Learning English as a second language opens up many career opportunities. The world is changing fast and there are a lot more ways in which an extra language could improve my employment prospects. The reason behind this is because many employers today want to hire globally minded people who can speak more than one foreign language. Learning to speak English would greatly influence my brain and boost my memory and increase my attention time span in class. Learning to listen, write and speak English would make me a better learner. This is because the reasoning after learning will change and I will be able to figure out new ways of learning more effectively compared to before starting the English lessons. Learning to listen, speak and write English would help me conquer the fear of looking stupid but rather work to bettering it further. Lastly, understanding English as a second language would influence the way I think and make decisions. Learning a second language helps an individual to think logically.

Ford Strategic Management free essay sample

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY LONDON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORD MOTORS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Lecturer: Dr. John W Lang SUBMITTED BY ALWYN VARGHESE STUDENT. ID:-095945-87 UWL ID:-29002367 UNIVERSITY OF WALES LAMPETER Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary. 3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 3. 1 Reasons behind the acquisitions of Jaguar and land rover by Ford 4 3. 2 Reasons behind the sale of Ford jaguar and land rover group and UK .. 3. 3 Current strategies of Ford motors 7 3. 4 Ford motors generic strategies 9 3. 5 Analysis using five forces 11 4 Market analysis of Ford motors. 13 5. Recommendation. 16 6. Appendix . 16 7. References .. 22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ford motors, one of the most leading automobile industries in the world. Missions and goals of the company made them excel into the automobile sector. Strategies and decisions made by ford motors brought them in front of the many leading automobile manufactures. But the recent economic crisis that hit made and also due to the some false analysis made ford motors many issues. The report deals with the strategic reasons behind the acquisition of JLR motors and also deals with the reason for the sale of JLR to Tata motors. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Strategic Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The present strategies of the ford motors made them to recover from the lose that occurred in the recent decades which is also being discussed here. INTRODUCTION Ford motor company is a global auto motive industry leader based in Dearborn Michagan. They produces and distributes automobiles across six continents with 1,98,000 employees and about 90 plants worldwide . Ford provides financial services through Ford motor credit company. Ford was started their operations in 1903. They principally involved in the production and the distribution of automotive vehicles. The company was founded by Henry ford in 1903. It is one of the world’s most profitable and the largest companies in the world, it is ranked as the fourth largest automaker being controlled and managed by a family more than 100 years . The company produced their first few models in Detroit ,Michigan. The company started production with the model of A in 1903. Model T was one of the famous model in the early years of company history, it helps the company to boost their operations. (Ford motors,2009) Ford is one of the largest automakers in the Europe. The company ended their operations with a net profit of $2. 7 billion in 2009. The company had a lot of parent companies like Lincoln, Volvo, and Aston martin. Ford sold their UK subsidiaries Jaguar and Land rover to TATA motors of India in march 2008. The company reported its largest annual loss in 2006 of $ 12. billion, it estimated that company would not come to profitability until 2009 but they ended their operations in 2009 with a good net profit. (See appendix revenue and profitability comparison of Ford motors) Ford has been at the centre of many of the acquisitions and divestiture activities over the past 20 years, this was the reason for the development of Premier auto motive group. The recent economic decline saw ford disso lve their premier automotive group leading to the sale of jaguar and land rover, Aston martin and now Geely group based in china signed a contract with Ford to acquire their Volvo car business. On 28th march 2010, Geely signed a 1. 8 billion deal with Ford to get their Volvo car operations. The Volvo brand has been part of ford for many years and they have had certain policies and procedures for developing their vehicles. This report aims to focus the following strategic questions . There are certain reasons for the company to sell their parent companies. (edi. basics . com) (See Appendix 5 for Sale History) 1) What are the strategic reasons behind the acquisition of jaguar and land rover by Ford? 2) What are the reasons behind the sale of Ford JLR group to Tata and UK plant closure? ) What are the strategies does Ford follow now? MAIN BODY 3. 1 REASONS BEHIND THE ACQUISTION OF JAGUAR AND LAND ROVER BY FORD Acquisition history:- Jaguar is a British luxury car manufacturer ,head quarter in Coventry England . jaguar was founded by sir William Lyons in 1922,made motor cycle side cars before they enter in to the passenger cars . company changed their name to jaguar after 2nd wo rld war . The Ford motors made offers to US and UK Jaguar share holders in 1989 to buy their shares . Jaguar became a part of the ford motors new premier auto motive group in 1999. Ford purchased land rover in 2000, it has been closely associated with jaguar. Ford sells fancy versions of jaguar in Britain that bear the Daimler name . Ford paid 3. 3 billion for the Marques, when they bought Jaguar for 1. 6 billion in 1989, and 1. 7 billion for Land rover in 2000. Jaguar employs nearly 20000employees in UK. Ford purchased decision of Jaguar received heavy objections from industry observers . Jaguar never loses it’s as one of the most prestigious beautifully designed cars. The success formula of Ford with jaguar was to keep the image of the brand and retain the classic design of the jaguar. Ford created a team called transition team and appointed some of its executives into the board members of jaguar. The company set three main objectives based on three critical issues. 1) Constant improvement of product quality 2) Increased manufacturing efficiency 3) Existing new model programs. Jaguar vehicles are high quality vehicles that are more popular than luxury car buyers . Jaguar history from 2002 to 2004 says that it made a good sale. it takes jaguar from two model lines and 45000 vehicles to 200000 units of annual production . Jaguar plantas are not Fords plants, but with the assistance of ford jaguar has transformed their manufacturing operations . (auto industry. com,2000) Ford purchased Land Rover from BMW in 2000 for 1. 85 billion . Land Rover was mainly based in Solihull and it has a terrific global brand with wonderful heritage . Land rover employs 9500 and produces Land rover, Discovery, Range rover and free land off road vehicles . when ford takes over Land rover in 2000 the plant recorded the production of 166000vehicles in the previous year . independant business. com) Ford buys Land rover because of the following reason 1) The Land rover brand known throughout the world . it is perfectly fit into the Fords growing family of brands. 2) The acquisition helps the company to boost their luxurary car segments. 3) It helps the company to achieve its sales target easily, when land rover and range rover came under their premier auto group. Ford has not been strong in the European off road and luxury uti lity vehicles because of that they purchased Land rover in 2000. Ford paid a big amount to BMW to buy the land rover from them. Land rover has a strong brand name their products have a distinctive look. Ford created a team of its own people ,it includes some of the members from jaguar to analyze the Land rover operations and assist with change in future. Ford used Jaguar template on land rover to capture the European market. (independent business. com) Ford merged operations with Jaguar and Land rover is profitable, land rover sold 2,26,395 SUV ‘s worldwide in 2007. (See appendix 1 for External factors affecting Ford) 3. REASONS BEHIND THE SALE OF FORD JLR GROUP AND THE UK PLANT CLOSURE The rise of sales in 1998 impress the management of ford motors company in the future success of Jaguar and the whole premier auto mobiles group. Since 2004 jaguar sales downed to 22%. Various surveys founded that the brand had a bad reputation regarding their quality issues dull and out dated designs lack of an suv and it is too expensive . Jaguar was one of the poorest performing part of the Ford, they failed in their efforts to broaden their jaguar sales . Ford motors sold their Jaguar and land rover to India’s Tata motors limited for 2. billion in 2008. It was less than what ford paid to acquire these brands. Ford early steps to improve the sale of jaguar showed positive results but the company invested undisclosed amounts to increase the efficiency at the UK factories . in 2002 Paris Auto show scheele one of the spokes man of ford told to the reporters that jaguar would post a 500 million loss. The company announced in 2004 that it was cutting jobs and reducing the jaguar work force . In December 2005 ford disclosed that it paid 2. 1 billion to jaguar to help their reorganisation. (Bloomberg. om) Jaguar worldwide sales were 60,485 in 2007 compared with a peak of 130,334 in 2002. In 2007 the Ford motors announced their plan to sale their Volvo, jaguar and Land rover brands in Europe because they want to concentrate more on th eir North American plant operations. By selling their different brands ford ended their 20 year effort to widen their sales of luxury cars by acquiring European companies . Among their European luxury brands Volvo and Land rover were profitable brands but Jaguar has unspecified losses. koeing,B. ,Lippert,J. ,2007. ) (See Appendix 2 for Strategic Rationale and Implication of Ford UK Plant Closure) 3. 3 CURENT STRATEGIES OF FORD MOTORS FORD VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS Michael porter developed the value chain approach in 1980s in his book competitive advantage . all organisations activities such as activities include purchasing activities manufacturing the products distribution and marketing of the company products and services . The vale chain frame work is a power full analytical tool for the strategic planning of an organisation . To conduct the value chain all the activities of the organisation is split into primary and support activities . Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations ,out bound logistics ,marketing and sales it also include procurement ,human resource management, technology development and the firm infrastructure . Tailoring design models Ford motors value chain is not all that different from other manufactures in the automobile industry. Increased demand of the suppliers led to poor suppliers relation ,so the company is taking a new approach to rejuvenate its value chain. In old days the company is always try to reduce their supply chain cost by demanding lower prices from their suppliers . now a days Ford is working closely with their suppliers to avoid their cost and reduce cost for both the organisations . One of the important impact of the Ford value chain is the design phase . Ford has begun to realise the value of the consumer input is successful on latest design technologies . Ford introduced tailoring design models in their vehicles because of the increased demand of the public. Thier design proved that it is highly successful in recent financial periods. Marketing is an another important aspect of the value chain analysis . The company has been working together with their dealers to build up marketing strategies to increase their sales . Caterpillar logistics and sap models Ford is using latest information technology to improve their value chain . It has teamed up with CATERPILLAR LOGISTICS and SAP to improve their warehousing Companies main aim is partnering with cat logistics was to secure a partner with expertise in the auto motive supply chain to develop the new information system. Apart of their cat logistics and sap ford is also using SAS platform that support customer relationship management . It boost fords existing customer relationship database and provide a good base for information analysis ,data mining and predictive modelling . The application of the information technology allowed the value chain to be a cost saving power for the company. Ford decreases their supply chain cycle from 57% to 40%within 37 days in inventory levels in us . Value added lean manufacturing process Ford is also implementing lean manufacturing practice to help the constant development in the value chain . Studies says that there is 30 percentage waste in the manufacturing process . in order to avoid this Ford introduced value analysis centre with these two programs critical data elements are identified in order to determine the best approach to eliminate the waste and add the great the value to all aspect of the value chain. Lean uses different technological tools data collection and manipulation data soft ware to describe base lines . Essentially the value analysis center at ford is its cost management programme 3. 4 FORD MOTORS: GENERIC STRATEGY : Ford is a high volume full range vehicle manufacturer . One of the main essence of their market expansion strategy is the producing at highest volumes and lowest prices with a range of the general purpose cars . Ford follows the cost leadership strategy in their business . A firm which follows the cost leader ship strategy attempt to get competitive advantage. A firm which follws the cost leadership strategy attempts to get competitive advantage primarily by reducing their economic cost below its competitors. Ford is trying to remain one of the biggest name brand in American cars without loosing the value of their cars . ost leadership strategy mainly concentrates on efficiency by producing high volume of products. Ford producing products at a low cost and made available to a very large customer base. In order to maintain this strategy the company requires a constant research for cost reduction in all aspects of the business. Companies in the auto motive industry are taking same steps to get advantage ,Ford has their own strategy to get m ost from their value chain. Presently Ford is taking steps to enhance supplier relations. Ford reduces the number of suppliers and giving bigger tenders and longer contracts to their existing suppliers . Company hopes that it helps them to reduce their cost while increasing quality and consistency. Success implementation of cost leadership strategy also benefits from good engineering skills ,designing products for the simplicity of the manufacturing process. Ford achieved unchallenged cost leadership through limiting their models and varieties . Ford motors has completed major cost reduction actions over the past four years to restructure their business . it includes personal level ,facilities and related costs. in 2009 they achieved 5. 1$ billion in auto motive structure cost reductions exceeding their target 4$billion . Ford introduces a new generation of global products, the company one Ford strategy is clearly evident in their assembly plants . 3. 5 THE ANALYSIS USING FIVE FORCE (PORTERS FIVE FORCE) Competitive rivalry: Competition is very much high in the auto motive industry. The biggest players in the auto motive industry by their volume are general motors, Ford, Daimler Chrysler and Toyota . Different companies are providing different incentives to attract their customers. Ford was very successful in their volume of scale and they anticipated that they would be the biggest players in the industry taking the place of GM. Due to the sleek design and price incentives provided by Japanese manufactures Ford is losing their shares while Toyota and Hyundai gained. (reulters,2005) Barriers to entry There are a lot of barriers to entry in the automotive industry. The main 10 giants in the automotive industry have great power in terms of reputation, finances, experiences, technology and existing large product portfolio. The high level of barriers is the research and development capability, investment capability in promotions and new product development. All these minimise the threat of new entrants. Chinese cars are entering the automotive industry they can overcome the barriers because of their low priced cars . Buying power US and Europe buyers experience very strong bargaining power because of the high competition in the global market. The current accessibility of different information channels and the presence of different service providers it further increased bargaining power. Car manufactures are providing a lot of incentives to attract their buyers. Ford is providing free upgrades worth up to $2000 for their customers in the UK. (ford. uk. com) Supplier’s power Supplier’s power has major affect on the firms in the automotive industry. Suppliers provide essential components for the production of vehicles and providing spare parts for future repairs. In order to benefit the economies of production Ford is reducing the number of their suppliers and increasing their orders to their existing suppliers (BBC 2005). Due to the action taken by the auto maker, the competition taken by the auto maker, the competition between the suppliers is also increasing. Suppliers provides the products with a lower price and provide other financial incentives. : MARKET ANALYSIS OF FORD MOTORS Ford motors company sales and revenue over the last 5 years has fluctuated tremendously, 2005 it was 176. 8 billion, 160. 1 billion for the year 2006 and 172. 5 billion for 2007. The ford Europe and premier auto group recorded strong revenue growth in 2005 financial year. The revenue from Europe and premier auto group hits nearly $60258 million in 2005. it shows a grow th 11. 3 % over 2004. Ford motors posted $2. 6 billion profit in the second quarter ,a jump of 13 % compared to same reporting quarter in the financial year 2009. Ford second quarter revenue amounted to $31. 3 billion. It is $4. 5 billion higher than the second quarter of financial year 2009. Ford is now able to repay $7 billion of auto motive debt in the quarter period, which help them to save $470 million in annual intersest. Ford the first time in 12 years beat General motors monthly sales when they posted 43% jump in vehicle sales of 14,285 vehicles compared with 141951 of GM vehicles in February 2010. Ford light vehicle sale increased to 1,42,006 vehicles compared to 99,050 vehicles in 2009. (See appendix 4 for Revenue Comparison ) Region| FY2009 worldwide wholesale unit volumes by automotive segment (in thousands)| North America| 1,959| South America| 443| Europe| 1,568| Ford Asia Pacific and Africa| 523| Volvo| 324| Jaguar, Land Rover, and Aston Martin| 0| Total| 4,817| Ford revenue comparison with GM and Volks wagon 5. Recommendation and conclusion In 2008 Ford announced the sale of Jaguar and land rover operations to Tata motors . Ford ended the operations of their another subsidiary company Volvo to a Chinese based car company called Geely motors . Ford re organized their plans to concentrate core Ford brand . The last few years of the company’s financial performance shows that Ford parent companies did not gave any good results for the growth of the company, so the company closed all of their operations of the parent companies. Disadvantage of the agreement At the closing Ford paid a massive ammoud more than million to the Jaguar and land rover operations. More than 600 billion to the Jaguar and Land rover pension plans. As part of the agreement Ford has to supply their power train models, plat form technologies and also engineering support including Research and development. Ford faced a lot of challenges because of the acquisition and demerging of their parent companies over the last 20 years . Joint ventures and acquisition played an important role in the performance of the company . It affects both positively in the performance of the company. To conclude this report try to focus the different faces of the strategic alliance and the current strategies’ of ford motors . 6. Appendix 1. The external factors affecting the operations of Ford motors Opportunities * The huge expansion in the devoloping Asian pacific market * Additional expansion in the US luxury car’s market Synergy saving and cost sharing of different premier auto group. Threats * Intensive competition on the major market of operations * Demand decline in various models * Liquidity problem (massive investments related with the development of new models and existing models and technology) * Changes in consumer trends * Share holders dislikes in the approval of Jaguar recovery. (The poor financial performance made more pressure on the Fords management in their further h Strengths * Good history of jaguar brand * Ford motors operating capabilities. Weakness * Absence of transparency regarding the role of PAG in the strategy of Ford. * Lack of finance for aggressive marketing campaign. * Product positioning problems . * Problems related with quality. 2. Strategic rationale and the implications of Ford UK plant closure 1) The review of macro factors Political factors: One of the distinguish factor of the auto motive industry is that it is not country bound, various and events are inter related the events take place in one country may directly affect the operations of other country. Ford manufactured their certain models in specific countries. Ford produced most of their Jaguar models in Europe even though the markets for the jaguar cars were in America. European customers put higher preference on small engine cars . British labour union pressure was one of the major cost increase factor of Ford operations . The closing decision forced to cut the job of 2000 people . Global political stability that is free trade flows, oil prices, exchange rates deterioration of economic and technological cooperation between countries forced to close the jaguar operations in uk. Mackintosh,2004) Economic factors: The market size and the maturity of the target market ,potential growth of the market are the key factors to determine the location of production. The cost factors and the direct and indirect costs are the key issues obtain the competitive advantage over the industries. One of the important issue that influence the operation location decision is the specific labour cos ts. The cost factors and the relationship between the direct and the indirect cost become one of the main issues in maintaining the competitive advantage , Specific labour cost is an important issues which affect the production locations . According to the survey (KPMG 2004) industry specialist put a major emphasis on the specific cost saving . Massive increase in the labour cost in UNITED STATES and EUROPE directly affect the ford’s operations . High wage rate of employees directly affect the JAGUAR UK operations . the data provided by the Macintosh says that Ford UK plant output is lower (130000) than output of BMW plants in Germany ( 166000). Fluctuations in the price of oils in the oil market directly affect the Jaguar operations . A hike in the oil price added the difficulty to sale the luxury cars . Majority of the jaguar cars have big sized engines ,greater than 2 litters . This table shows that United states will be the largest markets for vehicles accounting 23% of global sales upto 2010. Sales in the western Europe will be high after the futher expansion of Europe zone , but the current maturity of market ,excessive competition and demand trends suggests that the share of Europe will be drop. Special attention shall be given to the present and the potential rate of Asian pacific market. One of the major threat for the fierce competition is the US Europe and the Asian pacific market . Ford has to compete with US and Japanese firms ,they follows aggressive customer switching strategies Fluctuations in the currency rate is an another important factor which affect the Jaguar operations . weak positions of the US dollar against various currencies especially the British pound reduced the price competiveness in US market. BBC says that it was weak us dollar that affect the reduction in jaguar sales by 20%, it directly affect the overall performance of the ford group and Jaguar sales (BBC. com) SOCIAL FACTORS One of the important feature of the automotive industry is that the demand sequences is not homogenous . Customers change and preference towards more fashionable ,sport type ,suv equipped cars slashed the jaguar sales because the jaguar brand had old fashioned cars and they are always struggled because of their quality features . TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Technological factors are the important factors which affect the performance of the jaguar cars . The ford company invested more in their e business technologies which affect the Jaguar operations. Consumers choice for various technological improvements made a gap in the architecture of supply chain. 4. evenue comparison 2009 2010 5. Ford sale history of its parent companies REFERENCE: * Culpan , R . 2002. Global Business Alliance: Theory and Practice, Quorum Books, USA. * Hitt, M. Ireland, D Hoskisson , R . 2009, Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization: Cases, south western Cengage learning, USA. * Dobson, P. Starkey, K Richards, John. 2004, Strategic Management: issues and cases, Black well publishing Ltd * McAfee , P. R. , 2002 . Managerial Economics: How Toyota invaded the American Car Market, P. 4-8. * Koeing,B. Lippert,J,2007: [online ] available from URL (retrieved on 5-8-2010) * Ford motors ,n. d. financial results [online ] available from URL (retrieved on 3-8- 2010) http://www. ford. com/doc/ir_20100723_2q10_financial_results_presentation. pdf * BBC news ,n. d. ,Ford’s jaguar sale plan [online ] available from URL (retrieved on 25-7-2010) http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/6741809. stm * Uk ,Returs ,n. d . ,Ford’s sale of Volvo cars [online] available from URL (retrieved on 28-7-2010) http://uk. reuters. com/article/idUKTRE62Q1EH20100328 * Times onlie,2007. fords sale of jaguar and land rover [online] available from URL(retrieved on 2-8-2010) http://business. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/engineering/article1917825. ece * Course work, Porters generic strategic mode [online ]available from URL (retrieved on 5-8-2010) http://www. coursework4you. co. uk/e ssays-and-dissertations/porter-generic-strategies. php * Ford motors 2008-09,value chain and impacts [online ]available from URL( retrieved on 7-8-2010) http://www. ford. com/microsites/sustainability-report-2008-09/operations-value

The Significance of Socialization

The Significance of Socialization Free Online Research Papers Socialization is significant to individuals and society in many ways. Firstly, it is through the process of Socialization, as Otite and Ogionwo (1979) have rightly argued, that human beings who are biological beings become socially human. Socialization ensure the continuity of society or it persistence over time due to inculcation into its members of the essential values and norms necessary for its survival and development. It is through Socialization that individuals and groups are assigned specific roles e.g., men and women in the society and they will continue to perform their various responsibilities or duties. It further serves to standardise the acceptable patterns of behaviours in most societies and among the individuals and corporate groups in existence. Socialization process also serves the function of providing the members of society with appropriate skills and knowledge for performing future roles e.g., training of people in formal institutude such as schools, colleges, vocationals institutions etc. New members of the society are often Socialized into accepting the moral code of society, the basis upon which the society survives; without moral regulation, most societies are likely to fall apart. Finally, it is through Socialization that every member of the society is provided with his or her personality. It should, however, be noted that consequences of the Socialization process may also prevail resulting in deviant behaviours, including criminality, among individuals and groups in society. Research Papers on The Significance of SocializationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OneGenetic EngineeringThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Interview analysis and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview analysis and reflection - Essay Example He said that he worked ten hours a day for seven days a week which I felt was quite demanding and required a lot of effort. He stated that he started street vending because there was a lot of work, hence, this was a result of a necessity. He admitted that he would like to change to another job which I felt was a sign of dissatisfaction. I also found out that he has a family around who included uncles and a brother. However, he indicated that the vending business was at times enough to feed his family and at times it was not which I felt was a risky job. The interviewee indicated that he also makes money through jobs in the construction, gardening and painting industries. As per the availability of these other jobs, I found out that the construction and gardening jobs were readily available in Mexico but were not readily available in Los Angeles. I also found out that the main challenge in the street vending business is lack of enough capital from the job. He stated that there was not enough money to help him advance his prospects in the job. I felt that he was stuck in the street vending job. He stated that there were no rewards from the job and that it was just like he was not working. After his vending he stated that he went back home and takes a rest. His routine was to close the job at six, going to bed at eleven and waking up at six. I felt that this was very demanding as he slept seven hours a week and works ten hours a day. I found out that what makes him happy as a street vendor was the money which I felt he was too money oriented. I also found out that he regularly conversed with his customer as it was necessary. He conversed with some while he didn’t with others. He also stated that he makes around five hundred dollars a week on hot days, but on cold days he made three hundred dollars a week. I found out th at he has a boss who bought him the car but he has to buy the fruits everyday which his boss pays but the

Switching point for work place - Fluid Power Lab Report

Switching point for work place - Fluid Power - Lab Report Example 1V2, 1V3,1V4 and 1V5 record multiple switching points when tested on mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper work pieces and no points are recorded on plastic, cardboard and rubber. No hysteresis is recorded on plastic, cardboard and rubber. When dealing with magnetic sensors, it is important understand that there is a possibility of several switching points being existent. This can eventually result into multiple counting when counters are used. This effect is dependent on the strength of the field of the magnet used and the distance between the magnet and the proximity of the sensor. Attaching the magnet with the correct orientation of the axis helps to prevent the ambiguity of the output signal. The selection of sensors is a major factor that must be taken into account when looking for industrial solutions. The choice of the sensor is very crucial when performing any installations in an

Post Op Protection Helmet Project Health And Social Care Essay

Post Op Protection Helmet Project Health And Social Care Essay Introduction Most of the patients who had undergone any major head surgery will require an effective protection of their wound. After surgery, some patients especially post-traumatic injury have a high risk of falling due to neurological impairments, weakness, post-op seizures and agitation or confusion and re-injure their head. This is more important if part of the patients skull is removed (craniectomy). Appropriate protective headwear during the acute period post-op can be worn and reduce the chance of injury. While effective protection for the head and face is a priority for these individuals, headwear should also provide unobstructed vision and adequate ventilation, lightweight, cosmetically acceptable and reasonably priced. Providing effective headwear is a problem for many orthotists and the rehabilitation team taking care of individuals who have a high risk of head injury following a fall. Parents, caregivers and clinicians usually opt to use commercial sports helmets or other types of ad justable off-the-shelf headwear. Although commercial helmets are adaptable and relatively inexpensive, a number of features make them generally unsuitable for the disabled population post-operation. The main idea for this protection helmet is to provide a comfortable wear for the patient and reduce risk of injuring the head and wound during inpatient period. In other way, the design should be able to minimize the impact to the head if a fall or knock occurs. Chapter 2: LITERITURE RIVIEW Human brain can withstand 300 to 400 G of impact without either concussion or skull fracture, provided that there is no local deformation of the skull to inflict direct injury. Patients sometimes ha head surgery that needed to remove some part of their skull. This will make impact that brain can withstand lower than original. Thus, the helmet protection for post operative will be needed. 2.1 Review Journal According to Understanding Head Neck Trauma by Tony Pan Sanfelipo, the impact that head can withstand is vary from the location that the forces is being exerted. The frontal bone (forehead) can withstand on average, 1,000 to 1,600 pounds of force. The temporo-parietal (sides of head) bones can tolerate around 700 to 1,900 pounds of force. The back of the skull can handle around 1,440 pounds of force. The bones of the face and cheek are less tolerant, standing forces of only 280 to 520 pounds. From this, we can see that the impact that head can withstand is differ from the impact that brain can withstand. Skull is a very strong bone in our skeletal system. But, caution step also needed to be done especially after the head operation. According to the Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis by William J. Barringer, head helmet or cranial orthoses was being widely used in child rehabilitation after having a head surgery of the problem craniosynostosis that is a condition for cranial deformity that can be directly related to the premature closure of cranial sutures. According to the writer, the cause of the problem is still unknown. While in the other Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses by Deanna Fish and Dulcey Lima, said that plagiocephaly is a condition of abnormalities of baby head due to pre-natal and post-natal forces exerted to the head of the baby makes the baby head look weird. The causes of these problem are varied like the head could be shape like that before birth (that is still in the womb), the position of the baby during sleep that make some deformation force, the premature birth of the baby and maybe the supine position of the baby during daytime also can cause this problem. Both of these problems involve head remodification. For plagioencephaly, the method to remodel back the head is by using a head helmet or cranial remolding orthoses. It was being called Cranial remolding techniques. This technique was being applied by cover all the areas that need to be curb by a material and allows space in areas where growth is to be encouraged to promote the desired head shape. The material being used to cover the head is often built like head helmet but not as thick as the normal helmet. The example of the material is polypropylene. While craniosynostotis involved head surgery to shape back their head. Often also used as a treatment after the surgery is the head orthoses. According to William J. Barringer, the patient that used the orthoses after the surgery more likely to have the shape of the head almost regained normal. According to the author, based on the survey that he had made, he concluded that many advantages that the patient can get by putting on these ortoses after head surgey for craniosnostotis patients like it appears that orthoses can be used to extend the correction gained in surgery or to protect against regression to the presurgical deformit. It is also apparent that age, severity of deformity, type of deformity, surgical procedure, physician preference, and bone healing play important roles in determining the overall outcome and decision-making. According to the author also, there are many ways, material and shape of the head orthoses can be made. An example is a head orthoses that using bends materials that attach the part together. While the authors for the An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses article said that many different orthotic designs have been developed during the last 20 years to effectively address this patient population. Whether the design is active or passive in nature, rigid or flexible, hinged or circumferential, the basic principle of all cranial remolding orthoses is to create a pathway for symmetrical growth to occur. The authors also quoted that there are several ways to make the cranial orthoses. A cast or three-dimensional image of the infants head is acquired. The model is modified to full or partial symmetry, depending upon the severity of the condition, design of the orthoses, and protocols of the treating orthotist. Mild and moderate asymmetries may be modified to full symmetry while severe deformations may require progressive adjustments to the inner surface of the orthoses to obtain full symmetry throughout the course of the treatment program. Orthot ic designs including chinstraps are likely to be less intimate at the initial fitting, allowing for normal growth to follow the internal contours of the orthoses. To date, there is no evidence that any one orthotic design provides better outcomes than another. Symmetrical growth is achieved by consistent evaluation and adjustments to the orthoses based upon the childs head shape and growth patterns. Translational movements of the cranial bones are to be expected and frequent evaluation will ensure total contact over prominent areas and provide areas of relief over depressed areas. Circumferential growth is accommodated by the removal or recontouring of material and additional material may be strategically added to provide total contact and to stabilize the orthoses on the infants head. It is extremely important for the orthoses to be thoroughly cleaned each day to prevent bacterial build-up and problems with scalp rashes. Air holes are commonly added to help dissipate heat as well a s to assist in the evaluation of the fit of the cranium to the inner surface of the orthoses. Due to its functional as regain head shape, the cranial orthoses model had to be some sort of medical device that should not affect the patient in bad ways. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has certain aspect that cranial remodeling orthoses and other medical device manufacturer had to pass before patients can used their model in United State of America. To obtain clearance, manufacturers are required to explain the design of the product(s), how they are intended to work, and how they are manufactured. They are also required to describe the treatment protocols, provide appropriate labeling, and market the devices for only approved uses. All manufacturers must undergo regular FDA audits of their facilities and must comply with the Medical Device Reporting requirements to report any device failure that could lead to serious injury or death. This is being taken from Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled FDA Regulation of Cranial Remodeling Devices by Timothy R. Littlefi eld. 2.2 Disadvantages of The Older Design While cranial remolding orthoses is for children, others research had been done to make cranial orthoses for needed patient after head surgery whether the patients is children or adults. The design should be lightweight, effective and protect the head better. According to Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic entitled Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet by Steve Ryan,Greg Belbin, Mendal Slack, Stephen Naumann and Rod Moran, stated that the new design by them trough this project should be assign because there are many disadvantages of the already have design like: Commercial helmets protect the cranium but leave the facial area, particularly the chin and oral structure, vulnerable. Commercial face shields could provide the extra protection, but they may impede vision and add to a caged in feeling. In addition, because of a face shields remote placement, it could contribute to neck injury if caught on a stationary object during a fall. Usually commercial helmets are designed with ventilation slots and liner cooling paths, which are conduits for forced air movement through the helmet. Cooling occurs as the wearer moves. This form of ventilation is inefficient for the disabled population since, for the most part, they move at or below normal walking speed. Suspension in commercial headwear is provided primarily by a chin cup attached to the helmet by straps, which are tightened to prevent helmet movement. Constant pressure applied to the chin could lead to orthodontic problems, particularly in the growing child. Because of these, they proposed new design for the cranial orthoses. Their design is mainly focused of three parts of the head that are anterior section, posterior section and chin protector. Each part are fabricated from polyethylene foam with the exterior is hard polyethylene while the anterior is low-density polyethylene foam. They fabricate the orthoses and made a survey of it. The result from the survey is the research helmet was found to be an orthotic device that could be readily dispensed in a clinical setting in one appointment. On average, it required two hours to measure, evaluate and fit a subject. The project orthotists felt that, with experience, the helmet could be fitted in less than two hours except in cases where special modifications were required. The orthotists remarked on the ease with which they could dispense the helmet using the specially designed jigs and fixtures provided. No major technical problems or mechanical failures were identified during the helmets post-trial evaluation. This is being sited on their article. 2.3 Summary Last but not least, we proposed the title of our clinical project Post-OP Protection Helmet to help patients head after surgery minimize the risk of reinjuring their head due to possible fall during acute period. Several factors like Post-traumatic, seizure, confusion, agitation and imbalance can lead to knocking their head accidently at the skull defect site. With this device, patient can protect their head especially. For our design, we applied the basic concepts of engineering like the concepts of energy absorption and load distribution and also biomechanics application. Chapter 3: Methodology 3.1 Technique used There are two ways of technique we performed our task. Firstly, we used AutoCAD Engineering software to design the shape of the helmet. We used this software because it can perform the shape clearly and make the 3D dimension. We have to consider the convenience and the cosmetically acceptable criteria during the design process. Next, we do the research on the materials for protection helmet which will be manufacture. We had referred to the journals and related reference books. The material must satisfy the ASTM standard, such as tensile strength, abrasive resistance, young modulus and others. In addition, the material should easily fabricate and lower cost. The method we use to build the outer shell is plastic injection molding, this method is use the plastic from pellets or granules and heat it until melt. Then we push the melt into a split-die mold where can cool it at the shape design. Finally we open the mold and take out the part, the cycle is repeating. The wall thickness is a important key to use under this method, because the thick wall will take more time to cool and it will have greater the shrinking , but if the wall is thin so it will cool faster, the less shrinking. And we will use a drilling machine to make some hole to let the air can float out from the protective helmet. For the data collection, we compare mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties and chemical resistance between several polymers. From the comparing, we had chosen the polycarbonate as the outer surface of the POST-OP Protection Helmet because they are easily worked, moulded, thermoformed and good in mechanical properties. However, for the inner padding, we choose EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) because light weight, easy to mould, odorless, glossy finish, and cheaper compared to natural rubber. It is good for deceleration impact energy. 3.2 Properties of the Material Properties of the outer shell Density 0.0397-0.0484 lb/in3 Water Absorption 0.05-0.7 % Hardness, Rockwell R 108-122 Tensile Strength, Ultimate 5800-12500 psi Charpy Impact 20.5-37.6 ft-lb/in2 Oxygen Index 21-34% Processing Temperature 473-585 °F Table 3.1 Properties of the inner padding Specific Density 0.93 TENSILE STRENGTH (psi) 2000 COMPRESSION STRENGTH (psi) 1450 IMPACT (IZOD ft. lbs/in) NB HARDNESS R40 Table 3.2 Figure 3.1 Plastic injection molding machine The material we choose to use for the outer shell is Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3414(40%GF). The properties of the material below this table: Youngs modulus, psi Shear modulus, psi Mass density,lb/in3 Thermal exp coef, 1in/in/F Ultimate tensile,psi 1400000 319000 0.05495 9.30E-06 27000 Ultimate compressive, psi Ultimate shear,psi Thermal conductivity, Btuin/hrft2F Specific heat,Btu/lb/F 21000 11000 1.53 0.25 Table 3.3 This material has good conductivity compare to other material like Polycarbonate Resin Thermoplastic 3413 (30%GF). So we choose this material. 3.3 The Design of the Protection Helmet Figure 3.2: Top view sutures Figure 3.3: Side view sutures From the picture above, that was several type of wound, the design of the protective helmet should not contact with the wound part and provide ventilation for air circulation to faster the wound healing. The special of our design is the professionals working with patients needing head coverage after surgery can place positioning pads around the inside of the clear shell. In an area of recent surgery example, pads would be place around a wound or surgical site to keep helmet shell elevated and away from the affected area. Clear polycarbonate shell, edged with soft foam is then lined with self adhesive foam pads in various thicknesses, and ventilation holes are added. Suggestions for placement of the pads are included with the helmet. The helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight, lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The benefit of the transparent outer shell design is allows better supervision of the underlying wound and skull defect. The mat erial is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can feel very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choice for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environment. We should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the helmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers. Chapter 4: Result 4.1 Physical Architecture The design and chosen material was refer to functional, reliable, safety and costly. As we approached the data technique given by the ASTM standard this outcomes design would give very important benefits to us. Besides that, this most suitable material is to reduce the percentage of injury by the patient. The design we come out also very important, the outer surface material is hard, and the inner is comfortable and can absorb the high impact. The outer surface of the protection helmet using clear polycarbonate shell is easily to fabricate by the engineers. This outer surface gives the superior safety effectiveness to the patient. Figure 4.1 : Feature of Post-OP Protection Helmet Design 4.2 Logical Architecture From this post-Op helmet, the patient should refer by their doctor what kind of shape or where to put the EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate) for inner surface on helmet as not to contact with the wound. The inner surface had a hollow part to avoid contact to the wound. The ventilations on the outer helmet help the air going in to contact the surface wound. This would help the wound healing more fasters. This also makes the patient head not feel hot and trapped with unwanted air thus make the heads skin get irritated. On the other hand, this helmet will give the amazing comfort, rugged durability, lightweight safety and stay-put in custom fit. The helmet would work great for patients post-surgery and the compliance is would be wonderful. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION Our design has many benefits to post-surgery patient throughout the world based on the advantages like: The helmet is made from thermoplastics polymer material that lightweight, lower cost, and has many high mechanical properties. The material is crucial factor to this helmet because patient with head surgery need something that can feel very comfortable to their head. Material with least dense with be an awesome choice for them. The helmet also needs to have good mechanical properties to increase wear resistance. The helmet should be not has low strength and low hardness. The needed for these higher mechanical properties is to give protection of the head of the patients in abrasive environmentWe should know that patients can be very stressful and lost control after a major head surgery. This is especially true in traumatic brain injury patients. They can bang their head to walls and the helmet should resist the forces from the banging in order to protect the head. So, in overall, the both material for inner and outer parts of the helmet were made from a very good mechanical properties polymers. The design of the helmet also makes a very good properties and advantage for the patient. The design of the helmet is ventilation, cosmetic acceptable and functional. It views same shape as our human head shape. So that, the patient can proceeds their normal life without . Strap was adjustable, in case of emergency, the strap can be easily remove and unlock. At the ear part, the part was uncover, so it was convenience to hearing and very comfortable. CHAPTER 6: Discussion The Post -op protection helmet is use to protect the patient from head injury after head surgery. Some of these have a high risk of falling due to multiple medical complication post op. Re-bleeding is the major complication and can cause further neurological deterioration. When the helmet collide something, inside the protective helmet have EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate), it will absorb the energy produce from the collision and the EVA can increase the time between head and the outer shell collision, so the energy will hit the helmet will decrease and can protect the head from the injury. And the outer shell will have some holes so inside the protective helmet will ventilate and the patient will feel more fresh and comfortable. The outer shell is colour less is because like can let other people easily to know the head condition, so can confirm inside the protective helmet is safe. CHAPTER 7 : BIBILOGRAPHY: Barringer, William J. (2004). The Use of Postoperative Cranial Orthoses in the Management of Craniosynostosis. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4S(16), 56-58. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/2004_04S_056.asp Fish, D. Lima, D. (2003). An Overview of Positional Plagiocephaly and Cranial Remolding Orthoses. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 2(15), 37-47. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http:// www. oandp.org/jpo/library/2003_02_037.asp Ryan, S., Belbin,G., Slack,M., Naumann, S., Moran, D. (1992). Development of a Modular Design, Custom-Fitted Protective Helmet. Journal of Prosthetic and Orthotic, 4(4), 213-218. Retrieved September 9, 2009 from http://www.oandp.org/ jpo/library/1992_04_213.asp CHAPTER 8: Rehabilitation Medicine Unit 8.1 History The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine started as a section of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in 1965 under the headship of Professor Dr. J.F. Silva. Services provided were general physiotherapy, general occupational therapy and orthopaedic appliances service. The return of UMs pioneer Rehabilitation Physician from University of London in 1984, Dr. Zaliha Omar became a starting point for the development of rehabilitation services in the UMMC as well as in Malaysia. The first service to be introduced was the Rehabilitation Medicine consultation service which provided expert consultations in the fields of general rehabilitation. In addition, Rehabilitation Medicine was introduced as a subject in the undergraduate medical curriculum in 1984. In May 1995, the need to start Masters in Rehabilitation Medicine and Masters in Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine necessitated the shift of the rehabilitation section, from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery to the Department of Allied Health Sciences and known as the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit. The Department of Allied Health Sciences then comprised of 2 units ie the Biomedical Science Unit and the Nursing Sciences Unit. By then, the scope of rehabilitation services along with the advancement in technology and increasing patient demand; saw a paradigm shift from being a general rehabilitation service provider to a specialized rehabilitation medicine service provider which emphasized on a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach. The first such service to be introduced was the Neuromedical Rehabilitation Service in 1991. This was followed by Spinal Rehabilitation (1992), Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation (1992) and Burns Rehabilitation (1992). The unit then went on to develop other specialised services and continue to upgrade existing services. These include Paediatric Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation (1995), Prosthetic Orthotic Management Service, Wheelchair Management Service (1995), Amputee Rehabilitation (1996), Sports Rehabilitation (1998), Work Rehabilitation (1998), Wound Management and Diabetic Footcare (1998), Geriatric Rehabilitation (1999), Alternative Approaches to Rehabilitation Medicine (Acupuncture Service) in 1999, Neurosurgical Rehabilitation (2002), Womens Health (2002), Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (2003) and Cardiac Rehabilitation (2006). The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit of the Department of Allied Health Sciences under the headship of Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar initiated 2 very important academic programmes in the country namely the Master of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation in 1996 and Master of Rehabilitation Medicine in 1997. The early days of conducting 2 new programmes in relatively unknown fields posed numerous challenges but the unit received excellent support from various parties; other departments within the faculty as well as from the international arena.   One of the valuable contributions was from Professor Balasubramaniam from the National University of Singapore who was previously Head of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya from 1979 1982. Professor Bala was appointed Visiting Professor to the unit from 1997 to 2000 and as Chair for Tun Siti Hasmahs Chair for Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine from 2000 until 2003. The Rehabilitation Medicine Unit was also very fortunate to have collaboration with the University of Melbourne and 13 of its trainees underwent elective training of 6 to 12 months in Melbourne, Australia in various fields in rehabilitation medicine as part of the 4 year masters programme. The Rehabilitation Sciences Unit produced its first graduates in 2001, and to date have produced 17 rehabilitation physicians in Malaysia. The unit has also grown, from a one-man show ie Assoc Prof Dr. Zaliha Omar in the 80s and later in 1994 joined by Dr. Tunku Nor Taayah Tunku Zubir who left in 2001, it now has 6 academic staff and 1 trainee lecturer. The year 2005 saw the retirement of UMs as well as Malaysias rehabilitation medicine icon, Assoc Prof Dato Dr. Zaliha Omar from the academic arena. However she still generously contributes her time to teaching and clinical work in UMMC as a visiting consultant. Current and Future Developments With the progress and expansion of the unit in both the academic and clinical fields, the Rehabilitation Sciences Unit put up a proposal in 2006 for the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, a clinical department which is involved in teaching, clinical service and research. With the formation of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and the formalization of the merger of its academic (FOM) and clinical services (UMMC) it is hoped that the field of Rehabilitation Medicine and its multidisciplinary components is better understood and its image and function more prominent. Apart from strengthening and optimizing current clinical services, the department also plans to introduce new services as well as collaborate with other departments in the areas of vestibular rehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation, chronic pain management, rheumatological rehabilitation, lymphoedema management service and others. As rehabilitation medicine is a multidisciplinary discipline, the department has put in its long-term planning, academic programmes in the areas of Prosthetics and Orthotics (in collaboration with Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya), Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and other related fields. The department currently has 20 trainees in rehabilitation medicine who go through a 4 year clinical master programme which also incorporates a research component. With the expansion of clinical services and the increasing number of trainees in the Master of Rehabilitation Medicine programme, the department is constantly reinforcing its faculty and other staff members. The department is also very fortunate to be identified for further development in the form of a one-stop comprehensive rehabilitation medicine complex in the 9th Malaysia Plan. 8.2 Introduction of Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine was formed as part of the overall development of Faculty of Medicine and University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur for the purpose of providing clinical services in rehabilitation medicine and to provide training in the various fields of rehabilitation medicine. Apart from providing a comprehensive rehabilitation medicine service involving Rehabilitation Physicians, Medical Trainees in Rehabilitation Medicine, Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists, Nurses and Medical Social Workers, the department is actively involved in the education of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Trainees, Undergraduate Nursing Students, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Students from the Ministry of Health, MARA University of Technology as well as private academic institutions. Continuing Professional Development of our multidisciplinary team members is a regular activity of the department. Updates in Medical Rehabilitation are organised regularly for our staff as well as relevant parties from outside the UMMC. All categories of staff have ample opportunity to participate in their respective professional development through conferences as well as courses locally and internationally. 8.4 Vision The vision of the department is to become the centre of excellence in activities for the provision of services, education, training and research in rehabilitation medicine and in all associated specialities. 8.5 Mission The Rehabilitation Medicine Unit practices multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team approach for patient management and demand a comprehensive and a holistic care based on the individual needs of a patient. The department also considers its mission to be the centre for continuing education, training and maintenance of professional standards for Doctors and Health Professionals of various specialities associated with rehabilitation medicine. To play a catalystic role in research and development of rehabilitation medicine in University of Malaya and the country. 8.6 Services 8.61 Clinical Services There includes: General Services, Rehabilitation Medicine Consultation, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Wheelchair Management Service 8.62 Specialized Services There includes: Specialty Clinics Rehabilitation Medicine Consultation Neuro-surgical Rehabilitation Neuro-medical Rehabilitation Diabetic Footcare and Wound Management Consultation Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Amputee Rehabilitation Paediatric Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation Geriatric Rehabilitation Sports Rehabilitation Upper Limb and Hand Rehabilitation Burns Rehabilitation Diabetic Footcare and Wound Management Orthotics and Prosthetics Pre-Driving Assessment Work Resettlement Psychosocial Rehabilitation Swallowing Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Scoliosis Womens Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Wheelchair Seating Clinic Vestibular Rehabilitation 8.7 Support Group Activities Apart from providing the core rehabilitation services, the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine is also involved in co-ordinating various activities such as the following

Midsummer by Manuel Arguilla

————————————————- TANCIOCO, MICAELA A. 12/13/11READING LOG #1LIT02 Midsummer by Manuel E. Arguilla The story is about Manong whom had encountered a girl in the mid-day of summer. At first he didn’t saw the girl. When he saw her, he got curious and started following her everywhere she go. Every detail on what the girl is doing was noted in the story. By the way she got the jar placed in her head and etc. He then portrayed what the young lady look like. He left the bull and his cart in the road as he followed the young lady.As the young lady does her thing, the boy continues his journey and lunch came. He then rest and waited in a path where he know the young lady will pass. After some time he waited until the lady was there and offered the lady the lunch he have. The lady didn’t answer and smiled at him at first. But then the young lady told him that she finish ed her lunch already that’s why she’s getting some water in the middle of the day. They became acquaintances and started chatting about stuffs.The girl shared that all they have as food is salt and rice that made Manong shocked. The young lady offered Manong to go to their house but Manong insisted. The young lady still wants Manong to go to their house so Manong decided to go because he got no house to sleep for the night. Manong did realize that he wants to know the true person in that young lady he met this afternoon and with that his last words was â€Å"He felt that he could follow the lender, lithe figure ahead of him to the ends of the world. I think Manong felt love that instant she met the young lady. With him only looking for a distance made his heart grow fonder. It made an urge to know more about the young lady. With the young lady offering their home to this stranger made a good implication to Manong that he had an idea that this young lady had a good hea rt. He then realize after the end of the day that he fell in love with the stranger he had met awhile ago. That he can go where ever as long as he is with this girl.

A Day I’Ll Never Forget

When you wake up in the morning; you never know what to expect. People get up as though everyday will be a normal day. People go to work or school and live their daily lives. The day of October 31, 2011 my daughter's mother was induce becuase she was pass her due date. That day was crazy from waking up in the morning and the trip to the hositpal. From watching my daughter's mother go through the pain she went through and when the time came when my daughter was born was a unrealistic feeling. The day of October 31, 2011 I will never forget that day.My girlfriend and I woke up at five o'clock in the morning , and we said a prayer together. We got ready and left the house at 7 o'clock am. For some reason, driving to the hospital seemed to take longer than usual. I remember everything about this day as if it was yesterday. We arrived to Morton Plant Hospital and proceeded to the Labor and Delivery unit. The halls were very quiet and I remember thinking to myself this is it this is the da y thats gonna change my life forever. After the doctors and the nurses induce my daughter's mother it was nothing but a waiting period.After a few hours, my daughter's mother began to have some normal contractions she was able to handle them for small period of time; however, the contraction came to become more painful to her. I never wintessed anybody go thourgh no type of pain like she went thourgh. I ask her what the contractions felt like she said,† The pain is like having your insides twisted, pulled, and squeezed combined with someone stabbing you in the stomach. † The only thing I can say to myself is ouch! After hours of toture pain she couldnt take it anymore, so she went ahead a got a epidurals.When she got the epidural the pain easily ease away. Thank God for epidurals. The time has come after fourteen hours of been in the hospital it was time. My daughter's mother had a dialte to ten centemeter and it was time to push . I have never been so scared it was like I was in a hunted house and I couldnt get out. After a few pushes and me almost passing out on the floor she was finally here. When my daughter arrived, I jumped up really high and scream out it's a boy I dont know what I saw but I thought she was a boy.She was born healthy and was the cuties baby I ever seen. I never been so happy like I was that day. The day my daughter was born I will never forget. While I'll was expecting a baby boy; I got a beautiful baby girl. That day was a unforgetable day. From the time we woke up that morning and getting to the hositpal . Watching the labor pain my child's mother was going thourgh was the scariest thing I ever saw. The most important feeling was watching the birth of my child. Watching the birth of my baby girl was a unrealistic feeling.

Over The Past 1500 Years Human Kind Has Used Animals For

Over the past 1500 years human kind has used animals for testing and they still use animals for testing today. Most experiments made on animals are for medical and cosmetic purposes. People that are for testing on animals usually argue that we would not be where we are today if we didn’t experiment on animals. Others that are against it say that these experiments and methods weren’t always necessary for everything we have accomplished. Now with all of our modern technology, science, and research do we still need to take trials and tests on animals? Testing on animals is immoral and no longer needed with today’s technology. Animal testing started over a thousand years ago with several early philosophers and physicians conducting experiments†¦show more content†¦Cosmetics and household products can be tested on these rather than the skin of live rabbits.† This is a huge development in human kind where the need for testing can slowly be eliminated. When people go into surgery and have skin removed or parts of their body, with permission, they can be used in such testing’s. We do not have to use live animals for testing procedures with so many different alternatives coming into place. Another alternative is obvious, human volunteers. Animals cannot volunteer and are forced to participate in experiments. This is called microdosing. â€Å"Minuscule amounts of a test substance—much smaller than typical doses used for medical purposes—are given to human volunteers so that researchers can track how the substances are transported and absorbed throughout the body.† (Barnard, 2007) No big experiments are conducted on the volunteers, but just a small enough procedure where no harm comes to any such volunteer. These small procedures are just enough for research and progression. The main reason so many are against animal testing is because they believe that it is cruel and inhumane. â€Å"According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical restraint, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects andShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond951 Words   |  4 Pagesthat says something. Jared Diamond is a professor of Geography at UCLA and a world traveler. He believes that in the past 13,000 years of human history, agriculture has lead humans to conquer, develop and prosper and therefore cause the rise of civilizations. In 1972 he was in New Guinea when he met a local named Yali who asked him a simple question that took years for Diamond to answer. Yali said â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo [goods] and brought it to New GuineaRead MoreMesoamerica And The Great Complex Of Indigenous Cultures1456 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica the great complex of indigenous cultures. The time period in which made I pretty big dent in history, the time period from 300BC until the 1500’s. Some of you are probably reading this like why is Mesoamerica so important? Or who or what has been involved in the Mesoamerica time period? Well some of your questions just might get answered if you continue reading this paper. I may not be the best writer but here going nothing. Mesoamerica was the start of a new beginning whenRead MoreThe Americas And Afro Eurasia1191 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late 1500’s the start of The Colombian Exchange and the settling of Europeans in the Americas sparked a chain reaction of events that would forever change the way we tell the history of that time. It also just may have altered the way we advanced as a species and interacted with one another from that point on. There were many changes that took place in everyday life in both the Americas and Afro Eurasia because of the events of this time period. Some of them more obvious than others, but allRead MoreScientific Revolutions1369 Words   |  6 Pages Scientific revolutions do more than present new findings. They literally change the paradigm of science, or the way in which knowledge is understood and aligned with other knowledge that has also been scientifically supported. When this happens, there becomes a new or better way of understanding the world around us or the topic at hand. (Fernandez-Armesto, __). The role of scientists, of course, is to contemplate the ways in which knowledge can be discovered or uncovered, and then to set up variousRead MoreThe And Of The Aztec Empire Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I grew up in Mexico and I have been a Christian for 22 years. I have frequent interactions with skeptics and Christian Spanish-speakers alike in the United States. Sooner or later the question of the eternal destiny of the unevangelized Aztecs comes up: if Christ is the only way to God, what happened to the Aztecs? If God is just, did he provide a way for them to be saved? Why did God allow the conquistadors to commit genocide on such a rich culture? These are poignant questions thatRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay2200 Words   |  9 Pages1. How is psychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/Read MoreEnvironmental Problems Of Global Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Along with the rapid economic development in the past several decades, environmental problems come to the public’s attention recently. People from different countries all around the world start to pay more attention to the environmental issues. One of the most concerned issues is global warming which is mostly caused by the greenhouse gases emissions. Global warming will lead to long-lasting changes in our climate and may threaten people’s health and welfare for current and future generationsRead MoreThe Communication Of Information And The Printing Press1670 Words   |  7 Pages popular, has been important to the development of civilization. From hand writing the Bible, to being able to print it in less than a minute, the printing press has truly changed the world. We thank China for the first production of the printing press in the 6th century AD. The printing press has allowed for more ideas to be shared, more widespread knowledge, and entertainment to be expressed. This is definitely one of the greatest inventions of all time. In the ancient past, methods ofRead More The History of Art Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When we think of history we don’t often think of art. We don’t realize how the history of art can help us learn more about the people, the cultures, and the belief systems of those who lived hundreds and thousands of years before us. Art has developed, influenced, and contributed starting from the great Stone Age to the present day. Art gives an insight into the changes and evolution that man and culture have gone through to become what is today. Art is culture, art is the essenceRead MoreMisuse of Religion1720 Words   |  7 Pagesother for my body? --Kahlil Gibran As our civilization reaches its peak, it s obvious that it was created to destroy itself. Our past is the biggest proof of this theory. Through the centuries, mankind has been trying to destroy itself. World War I and II were just the manifestation of this destruction. Everything after these wars has been devoted to producing the most efficient weapons for so called protection. Why put an end to life? Why destroy the only thing we have? What